Journal of Dentistry
Volume 37, Supplement 1 , Pages e21-e26, 2009

Development of a whiteness index for dentistry

  • Wen Luo

      Affiliations

    • School of Design, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
    • ,
  • Stephen Westland

      Affiliations

    • School of Design, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +44 113343 3752.
    • ,
  • Roger Ellwood

      Affiliations

    • School of Dentistry, Dental Health Unit, University of Manchester, UK
    • ,
  • Iain Pretty

      Affiliations

    • School of Dentistry, Dental Health Unit, University of Manchester, UK
    • ,
  • Vien Cheung

      Affiliations

    • School of Design, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK

Received 18 February 2009; received in revised form 6 May 2009; accepted 9 May 2009. published online 18 May 2009.

Abstract 

Objectives

The aim of the study was to develop a new whiteness index which correlates to perception of tooth whiteness.

Methods

Psychophysical experiments were conducted by a panel of observers under a standard viewing condition as well as under typical clinical viewing conditions. Various existing whiteness and yellowness indices were compared with regard to their ability to measure the perceived whiteness of human teeth. The Pearson coefficient of determination and ‘% wrong decision’ method were used to determine the best index for tooth whiteness measurement.

Results

A new whiteness formula (WIO) was developed by optimising the original CIE whiteness formula (WIC) and it was found that WIO gave the best performance for predicting tooth whiteness based on the laboratory results. A total of 88 NHS patients repeated the same visual experiments under typical clinical viewing conditions.

Conclusion

The results confirmed the finding that the new whiteness formula is appropriate for the prediction of tooth whiteness.

Keywords: Tooth whiteness, Whiteness index, Visual assessment, Tooth whitening trials

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PII: S0300-5712(09)00112-2

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2009.05.011

Journal of Dentistry
Volume 37, Supplement 1 , Pages e21-e26, 2009

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