Journal of Dentistry
Volume 37 , Pages e45-e50 , 2009

Influence of pigments and opacifiers on color stability of silicone maxillofacial elastomer

  • Sudarat Kiat-amnuay

      Affiliations

    • Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, 6516 M.D. Anderson Blvd, Suite 493, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Tel.: +1 713 500 4194; fax: +1 713 500 4108.
  • ,
  • Meghan Beerbower

      Affiliations

    • Temple University, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, USA
  • ,
  • John M. Powers

      Affiliations

    • Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
  • ,
  • Rade D. Paravina

      Affiliations

    • Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials, University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA

Received 9 March 2009 ,Revised 8 April 2009 ,Accepted 5 May 2009.

References 

  1. Roberts AC. Facial reconstruction by prosthetic means. British Journal of Oral Surgery. 1966;4:157–182
  2. Anderson JD, Szalai JP. The Toronto outcome measure for craniofacial prosthetics: a condition-specific quality-of-life instrument. International Journal of Oral Maxillofacial Implants. 2003;18:531
  3. Lontz JF. State-of-the-art materials used for maxillofacial prosthetic reconstruction. Dental Clinics of North America. 1990;34:307–325
  4. Canter R, Webber RL, Stroud L, Ryge G. Methods for evaluating prosthetic facial materials. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1969;21:324–332
  5. Sweeney WT, Fisher TE, Castleberry DJ, Cowperthwaite GF. Evaluation of improved maxillofacial prosthetic materials. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1972;27:297–305
  6. Craig RG, Koran A, Yu R, Spencer J. Color stability of elastomers for maxillofacial appliances. Journal of Dental Research. 1978;57:866–871
  7. Koran A, Yu R, Powers JM, Craig RG. Color stability of a pigmented elastomer for maxillofacial appliances. Journal of Dental Research. 1979;58:1450–1454
  8. Yu R, Koran A, Raptis CN, Craig RG. Stain removal from a silicone maxillofacial elastomer. Journal of Dental Research. 1981;60:1754–1758
  9. Yu R, Koran A, Raptis CN, Craig RG. Cigarette staining and cleaning of a maxillofacial silicone. Journal of Dental Research. 1983;62:853–855
  10. Ma T, Johnston WM, Koran A. The color accuracy of Kubelka-Munk theory for various colorants in maxillofacial prosthetic material. Journal of Dental Research. 1987;66:1438–1444
  11. Johnston WM. Colorant formulation of elastomeric maxillofacial prostheses. In: Proceedings of conference on materials research in maxillofacial prosthetics. Transaction Academy of Dental Materials 1992;5:95.
  12. Leow ME, Ow RK, Lee MH, Huak CY, Pho RW. Assessment of color differences in silicone hand and digit prostheses: perceptible and acceptable thresholds for fair and dark skin shades. Prosthetic Orthotic International. 2006;30:5–16
  13. Paravina RD, Majkic G, Perez MDM, Kiat-amnuay S. Color difference thresholds of maxillofacial skin replications. Journal of Prosthodontics (2009), doi:10.1111/j.1532-849X.2009.00465.x.
  14. Haug SP, Andres CJ, Munoz CA, Bernal G. Effects of environmental factors on maxillofacial elastomers. Part IV. Optical properties. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1992;68:820–823
  15. Haug SP, Andres CJ, Moore BK. Color stability and colorant effect on maxillofacial elastomers. Part III. Weathering effect on color. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1999;81:431–438
  16. Koran A, Powers JM, Lepeak PJ, Craig RG. Stain resistance of maxillofacial materials. Journal of Dental Research. 1979;58:1455–1460
  17. Beatty MW, Mahanna GK, Dick K, Jia W. Color changes in dry-pigmented maxillofacial elastomer resulting from ultraviolet light exposure. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1995;74:493–498
  18. Beatty MW, Mahanna GK, Jia W. Ultraviolet radiation-induced color shifts occurring in oil-pigmented maxillofacial elastomers. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1999;82:441–446
  19. Hulterström AK, Ruyter IE. Changes in appearance of silicone elastomers for maxillofacial prostheses as a result of aging. International Journal of Prosthodontics. 1999;12:498–504
  20. Johnston WM, Hesse NS, Davis BK, Seghi RR. Analysis of edge-losses in reflectance measurements of pigmented maxillofacial elastomer. Journal of Dental Research. 1996;75:752–760
  21. Kiat-amnuay S, Lemon JC, Powers JM. Effects of opacifiers on color stability of pigmented maxillofacial silicone A-2186 subjected to artificial aging. Journal of Prosthodontics. 2002;11:109–116
  22. Kiat-amnuay S, Johnston DA, Powers JM, Jacob RF. Color stability of dry earth pigmented maxillofacial silicone A-2186 subjected to microwave energy exposure. Journal of Prosthodontics. 2005;14:91–96
  23. Kiat-amnuay S, Mekayarajjananonth T, Powers JM, Chambers MS, Lemon JC. Interactions of pigments and opacifiers on color stability of MDX4-4210/type A maxillofacial elastomers subjected to artificial aging. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2006;95:249–257
  24. Lemon JC, Chambers MS, Jacobsen ML, Powers JM. Color stability of facial prostheses. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1995;74:613–618
  25. Bryant AW, Schaaf NG, Casey DM. The use of a photoprotective agent to increase the color stability of a tinted extraoral prosthetic silicone. Journal of Prosthodontics. 1994;3:96–102
  26. Tran NH, Scarbecz M, Gary JJ. In vitro evaluation of color change in maxillofacial elastomer through the use of an ultraviolet light absorber and a hindered amine light stabilizer. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2004;91:483–490
  27. Paravina RD, Powers JM. Esthetic color training in dentistry. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2004;p. 96–102
  28. Luo MR, Cui G, Figg B. The development of the CIE 2000 color difference formula: CIEDE2000. Color Research and Application. 2001;26:340–350
  29. Paravina RD, Kimura M, Powers JM. Evaluation of polymerization-dependent changes in color and translucency of resin composites using two formulae. Odontology. 2005;93:46–51
  30. Berns RS. Billmayer and Saltzman's principles of color technology. 3rd ed.. New York: Wiley; 2000;
  31. Kuehni FG, Marcus RT. An experiment in visual scaling of small color differences. Color Research and Application. 1979;4:83–91
  32. Ruyter IE, Nilner K, Moller B. Color stability of dental composite resin materials for crown and bridge veneers. Dental Materials. 1987;3:246–251
  33. Ragain JC, Johnston WM. Color acceptance of direct dental restorative materials by human observers. Color Research and Application. 2000;25:278–285
  34. Society of Automotive Engineers. Accelerated exposure of automotive exterior materials using a controlled irradiance water-cooled xenon arc apparatus. Specification SAEJ 1960; June 1989.
  35. Paravina RD, Ontiveros JC, Powers JM. Accelerated aging effects on color and translucency of bleaching-shade composites. Journal of Aesthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2004;16:117–126
  36. McGreer M. Atlas weathering testing guidebook. Chicago: Atlas Material Testing Technology LLC; 2001;

 This study was presented at 84th Annual meeting of the International Association for Dental Research, Brisbane, Australia, 28 June to 1 July 2006.

PII: S0300-5712(09)00108-0

doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2009.05.004

Journal of Dentistry
Volume 37 , Pages e45-e50 , 2009