Journal of Dentistry
Volume 37, Issue 3 , Pages 219-227, March 2009

Effect of sodium sulfinate salts on the polymerization characteristics of dual-cured resin cement systems exposed to attenuated light-activation

  • Cesar A.G. Arrais

      Affiliations

    • Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Guarulhos, Guarulhos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Guarulhos, R. Dr. Nilo Peçanha, # 81, Predio U – 6 Andar – Centro, Guarulhos – SP, 07011-040, Brazil. Tel.: +55 1124641769.
    • ,
  • Marcelo Giannini

      Affiliations

    • Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
    • ,
  • Frederick A. Rueggeberg

      Affiliations

    • Dental Materials Section, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA

Received 3 September 2008; received in revised form 13 November 2008; accepted 19 November 2008.

Abstract 

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of sodium sulfinate salt co-initiators on the degree of conversion (DC) of dual-cured cementing systems [combination of bonding agent (BA) and resin cement (RC)] when the activating light is attenuated or not available.

Methods

Two 5th generation products [Prime&Bond NT Dual-Cure/Calibra (Dentsply), and Excite DSC/Variolink II (Ivoclar/Vivadent)] were applied, either with or without co-initiators (sodium sulfinate salts) added to the bonding agents, to the surface of a horizontal attenuated-total-reflectance unit, and were polymerized using one of four conditions: self-cure (SC), or direct light exposure (DLE/XL3000/3M) through a glass slide or through pre-cured resin discs (shades A2 or A4/2mm-thick) (Z250/3M-ESPE). Real-time infrared spectra were obtained after placing components (uncured) and during 10min (cured) (16 scans at 2cm−1, FTS-40/Digilab/Bio-Rad) to obtain polymerization kinetics. DC and maximum rate of polymerization (Rpmax) were calculated using standard techniques of observing changes in aliphatic-to-aromatic peak ratios pre- and post-curing. Data (n=5) were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p=0.05).

Results

The addition of co-initiators increased the DC in most of the groups. No significant difference in DC was observed between Prime Bond NT Dual-Cure/Calibra and its version without co-initiator using the DLE curing mode. All DLE groups exhibited the highest DC after 10min. No significant difference in DC was observed between A2 and A4 pre-cured overlay groups. The SC groups exhibited lower DC than the light-activated groups regardless of the presence of co-initiator. Use of co-initiators increased the Rpmax only in the SC groups. The A2 and A4 groups exhibited lower Rpmax than DLE groups, regardless of the presence of co-initiator.

Conclusion

The detrimental effects of light attenuation on the DC were not avoided by inclusion of sodium sulfinate salts, despite their ability to eliminate the chemical incompatibility between acidic monomers and self-curing components.

Keywords: Degree of conversion, Dual-cured cementing systems, Indirect restorations, Co-initiators

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PII: S0300-5712(08)00312-6

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2008.11.016

Journal of Dentistry
Volume 37, Issue 3 , Pages 219-227, March 2009

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