Journal of Dentistry
Volume 36, Issue 4 , Pages 272-280, April 2008

Characterization of oral films formed in the presence of a CPP–ACP agent: An in situ study

  • Christos Rahiotis

      Affiliations

    • Section of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, 2 Thivon Street (Goudi), 115 27 Athens, Greece
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +30 210 7461208 2; fax: +30 210 7461162.
    • ,
  • George Vougiouklakis

      Affiliations

    • Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Greece
    • ,
  • George Eliades

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Greece

Received 26 October 2007; received in revised form 2 January 2008; accepted 9 January 2008.

Abstract 

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the morphological appearance and the molecular composition of intraoral integuments formed in situ on germanium (Ge) crystals in the presence or absence of the commercially available casein-phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP–ACP) cream agent.

Methods

Six volunteers participated in the study. Impression of maxillary arch was taken for each patient, and a removable orthodontic appliance with a custom-made retainer was fabricated. Clean Ge crystals mounted in the retainers were placed intraorally for 30min, 8, 24h and 1-week period. The free sampling surface of another series of Ge crystals was treated with the commercial CPP–ACP agent (Tooth Mousse), mounted in the retainers and placed intraorally for the same period as above. The free exposed surfaces in oral cavity of the specimens in all subjects were examined as follows: (a) reflected light microscopy, (b) micro-MIR-FTIR spectroscopy and (c) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) plus energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis analysis (XEDS).

Results

The light microscopic observations revealed that there was a delay in biofilm formation on Ge surfaces treated with agent in comparison to those ones without treatment. The micro-MIR-FTIR spectra from the surfaces with Tooth Mousse showed an increase in intensity and a left shift of PO43− peak (1064cm−1). Finally, the PO43− peak at lower bands (564cm−1) and the low-wave bands at 525–530cm−1 increased at 1-week interval. The SEM revealed the dendritic development of microbes. The XEDS analysis showed a significant increase in Cl/O, K/O, K/Cl and a decrease in Ca/O and P/O ratios on the crystal Ge without surface treatment. On contrary, on the crystal Ge with surface treatment an increase in Ca/O, Ca/P and a decrease in K/Cl ratios were found.

Conclusion

The results show that the presence of CPP–ACP agent delays the biofilm formation and favored the nucleation and crystallization of calcium phosphates, possibly in apatitic form, in matured biofilms.

Keywords: Casein-phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate, Biofilm, FTIR, In situ, SEM

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PII: S0300-5712(08)00021-3

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2008.01.005

Journal of Dentistry
Volume 36, Issue 4 , Pages 272-280, April 2008

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